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How difficult it is to prove the quantumness of macroscropic states?

机译:证明宏观国家的量子有多难?

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摘要

General wisdom tells us that if two quantum states are ``macroscopicallydistinguishable'' then their superposition should be hard to observe. We makethis intuition precise and general by quantifying the difficulty to observe thequantum nature of a superposition of two states that can be distinguishedwithout microscopic accuracy. First, we quantify the distinguishability of anygiven pair of quantum states with measurement devices lacking microscopicaccuracy, i.e. measurements suffering from limited resolution or limitedsensitivity. Next, we quantify the required stability that have to be fulfilledby any measurement setup able to distinguish their superposition from a meremixture. Finally, by establishing a relationship between the stabilityrequirement and the ``macroscopic distinguishability'' of the two superposedstates, we demonstrate that indeed, the more distinguishable the states are,the more demanding are the stability requirements.
机译:一般智慧告诉我们,如果两个量子态``在宏观上可区分'',那么它们的叠加应该很难观察到。通过量化观察两个状态的叠加的量子性质的难度,我们可以使这种直觉变得精确而笼统。首先,我们用缺乏微观准确性的测量设备(即分辨率有限或灵敏度有限的测量设备)来量化任意给定的量子态对的可区分性。接下来,我们将量化任何能够将其叠加与单纯混合物区分开的测量设置必须满足的所需稳定性。最后,通过建立稳定性要求与两个叠加状态的``宏观可区分性''之间的关系,我们证明了确实,状态越可区分,对稳定性的要求就越高。

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